{"id":10262,"date":"2021-03-07T18:27:15","date_gmt":"2021-03-07T16:27:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www2.mie.uth.gr\/?page_id=10262"},"modified":"2025-09-26T08:57:43","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T05:57:43","slug":"%ce%b5%ce%bd0112-%ce%b8%ce%b5%cf%81%ce%bc%ce%bf%ce%b4%cf%85%ce%bd%ce%b1%ce%bc%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%b7-%ce%b9%ce%b9-%cf%851","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mie.uth.gr\/?page_id=10262","title":{"rendered":"\u0395\u039d0112 \u0398\u0395\u03a1\u039c\u039f\u0394\u03a5\u039d\u0391\u039c\u0399\u039a\u0397 \u0399\u0399 (\u03a51)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u0395\u039d0112 \u0398\u0395\u03a1\u039c\u039f\u0394\u03a5\u039d\u0391\u039c\u0399\u039a\u0397 \u0399\u0399 (\u03a51)<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u0395\u039d0112 \u0398\u0395\u03a1\u039c\u039f\u0394\u03a5\u039d\u0391\u039c\u0399\u039a\u0397 \u0399\u0399 (\u03a51)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u03a0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u03a0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>
\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>
\u039a\u03c9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>
\u0395\u03be\u03ac\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf<\/strong>
\u0394\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/strong>
ECTS Units
\u03a4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>
\u0394\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc
\u03a51
EN0112
3\u03bf (\u03a7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc)
5 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2\/\u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1
6
\u0395\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2
\u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2: <\/strong>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc
\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2: <\/strong>\u03a51
\u039a\u03c9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2: <\/strong>\u0395\u039d0112
\u0395\u03be\u03ac\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf: <\/strong>2\u03bf (\u0395\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc)
\u0394\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1:\u00a0<\/strong>5 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2\/\u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1
ECTS Units:\u00a0<\/strong>6
\u03a4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0395\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2
\u0394\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd: \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a4\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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<\/i>\u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><\/div>

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<\/i>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1<\/span><\/div>

1. \u03a3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd:<\/span> <\/strong>\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 p-v-T \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2. \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u0394u, \u0394h \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0394s \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 Clapeyron \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>

2.\u0399\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u2013 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1:<\/span><\/strong> \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2\/ \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 Dalton \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd U, H, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 S \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd. \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2: \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7\/ \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u03c8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>

3. \u0395\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7:<\/span><\/strong> \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2. \u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>

4. \u03a7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039a\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7:<\/span> <\/strong>\u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>

5. \u03a7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd:<\/span> <\/strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Gibbs. \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\/ \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2. \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Gibbs.<\/p>

6. \u039a\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf:<\/span> <\/strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 Otto \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Diesel. \u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd p-V \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 T\u2013s, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf Brayton. \u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd T\u2013s, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 back work ratio, \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b7\u03c7\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c7\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c1\u03bf\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>

7.\u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 – \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2:<\/span><\/strong> \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 logp-h \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 T-s. \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5. \u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c2 (COP) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c8\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c8\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>

\n\t\t\t\t\t
<\/i>\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/div>

\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

  • MICHAEL J. MORAN, HOWARD N. SHAPIRO, DAISIE D. BOETTNER, MARGARET B. BAILEY: Fundamentals
    of Engineering Thermodynamics Wiely 2014<\/li>
  • Hans Dieter Baehr ThermodynamikGrundlagen und technische Anwendungen 12 Auflage Springer
    2005<\/li>
  • Borgnakke C., Sonntag R.E.\u2010Fundamentals of Thermodynamics\u20108 ed. Wiley 2013.<\/li>
  • Mark Waldo Zemansky, Richard Dittman: Heat and thermodynamics an intermediate textbook\u20107 ed.
    McGraw\u2010Hill (1997)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/li><\/ul>

    \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac:<\/strong> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>

    • Brennstoff\u2010Waerme\u2010Kraft (VDI)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      <\/i>\u0393\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u0394\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/div>

      \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>

      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      <\/i>\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u0394\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/div>

      \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u0391\u03c3\u03ba\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>

      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      <\/i>\u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/span><\/div>
      \u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2:<\/strong><\/td>100%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      <\/i>\u03a6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2)<\/span><\/div>

      \u00a0<\/h3>
      \u0394\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong><\/td>\u03a6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03b1\u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
      \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/td>55\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u0391\u03c3\u03ba\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/td>15\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u0391\u03c3\u03ba\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd<\/td>45\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
      \u03a7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u039b\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u00a0<\/td>5\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
      \u03a6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf<\/td>30\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
      \u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><\/td>150\u00a0<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

      \u00a0<\/h3>

      \u00a0<\/h3>

      \u00a0<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u0395\u039d0112 \u0398\u0395\u03a1\u039c\u039f\u0394\u03a5\u039d\u0391\u039c\u0399\u039a\u0397 \u0399\u0399 (\u03a51) \u0395\u039d0112 \u0398\u0395\u03a1\u039c\u039f\u0394\u03a5\u039d\u0391\u039c\u0399\u039a\u0397 \u0399\u0399 (\u03a51) \u03a0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u039a\u03c9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u0395\u03be\u03ac\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u0394\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1ECTS Units\u03a4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2\u0394\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03a51EN01123\u03bf (\u03a7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc)5 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2\/\u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b16\u0395\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9407,"parent":8475,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10262","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0395\u039d0112 \u0398\u0395\u03a1\u039c\u039f\u0394\u03a5\u039d\u0391\u039c\u0399\u039a\u0397 \u0399\u0399 (\u03a51) - 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